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The Phylogeny and Biological Function of Gastric Juice-Microbiological Consequences of Removing Gastric Acid
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20:6031
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Gastric juice is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin. Acidic gastric juice is found in all vertebrates, and its main function is to inactivate microorganisms. The phylogenetic preservation of this energy-consuming and, at times, hazardous function (acid-related diseases) reflects its biological importance. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Due to the reduced prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the increased use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, the latter has become the most important cause of gastric hypoacidity. In the present manuscript, we review the microbiological consequences of removing gastric acidity. The resulting susceptibility to infections has not been studied extensively, and focus has mainly been restricted to bacterial and parasitic agents only. The strongest evidence concerning the relationship between hypochlorhydria and predisposition to infections relates to bacterial infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, several other clinical settings with increased susceptibility to infections due to inhibited gastric acidity are discussed. We also discuss the impact of hypochlorhydria on the gut microbiome. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
- Subjects :
- Gastrointestinal Diseases
gastointestinal infections
microbiome
Review
Biology
Infections
Catalysis
Microbiology
Inorganic Chemistry
Gastric Acid
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Pepsin
Phylogenetics
medicine
Animals
Humans
pneumonia
Secretion
030212 general & internal medicine
Microbiome
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastric Juice
Achlorhydria
Organic Chemistry
hypochlorhydria
Proton Pump Inhibitors
General Medicine
Bacterial Infections
gastric acidity
medicine.disease
Computer Science Applications
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
biology.protein
adverse effects
Gastric acid
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Pneumonia (non-human)
Function (biology)
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 20
- Issue :
- 23
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....d77d2bc47ab16b85be7bd97c90070960