Utility of a Hybrid IVIM-DKI Model to Predict the Development of Distant Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic power of hybrid intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) model parameters in pretreatment for the prediction of future distant metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated 49 HNSCC patients who underwent curative chemoradiation therapy. Diffusion-weighted image (DWI) acquired by single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging with 12 b-values (0-2000) was performed in all patients before any treatment. We calculated the IVIM-DKI parameters and the conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the ROI placed on the primary lesion. The presence of future distant metastasis was determined by histological findings or clinical follow-up. Results A univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the patients with distant metastasis and those without in slow diffusion coefficient (D) and kurtosis value (K). Highest diagnostic accuracy was obtained by the D value. In addition, a multivariate analysis revealed that the D value was an independent predictor of future distant metastasis. Conclusion The D and K values obtained by this hybrid IVIM-DKI model can be one of the diagnostic tools for the prediction of future distant metastasis in HNSCC patients.