Panopticism, teacher surveillance and the ‘unseen’

This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the ‘panopticon’ in educational research, problematising its validity and offering a fresh conceptualisation of teacher surveillance. The school as a ‘panopticon’ is a well-established concept which helpfully enables a consideration of aspects of high-stakes accountability. The present paper explores the question of how contemporary teachers perceive themselves to be subject to scrutiny and the consequences of this surveillance. It is argued that whilst the panopticon (and its variants) remain very valid notions for understanding performativity in contemporary schools, that a complementary metaphor can be offered which enables a fuller consideration of the ‘unseen’ behaviours induced by a high accountability environment.