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Caloric restriction: powerful protection for the aging heart and vasculature
- Source :
- American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 301:H1205-H1219
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- American Physiological Society, 2011.
-
Abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Research has shown that the majority of the cardiometabolic alterations associated with an increased risk of CVD (e.g., insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and inflammation) can be prevented, and even reversed, with the implementation of healthier diets and regular exercise. Data from animal and human studies indicate that more drastic interventions, i.e., calorie restriction with adequate nutrition (CR), may have additional beneficial effects on several metabolic and molecular factors that are modulating cardiovascular aging itself (e.g., cardiac and arterial stiffness and heart rate variability). The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge on the effects of CR on the aging of the cardiovascular system and CVD risk in rodents, monkeys, and humans. Taken together, research shows that CR has numerous beneficial effects on the aging cardiovascular system, some of which are likely related to reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress. In the vasculature, CR appears to protect against endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness and attenuates atherogenesis by improving several cardiometabolic risk factors. In the heart, CR attenuates age-related changes in the myocardium (i.e., CR protects against fibrosis, reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, prevents myosin isoform shifts, etc.) and preserves or improves left ventricular diastolic function. These effects, in combination with other benefits of CR, such as protection against obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, suggest that CR may have a major beneficial effect on health span, life span, and quality of life in humans.
- Subjects :
- Aging
medicine.medical_specialty
Physiology
Calorie restriction
Reviews
Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
Insulin resistance
Coronary Circulation
Physiology (medical)
Diabetes mellitus
Internal medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Abdominal obesity
Caloric Restriction
business.industry
Heart
medicine.disease
Cardiovascular physiology
Endocrinology
Health
Arterial stiffness
medicine.symptom
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
business
Dyslipidemia
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15221539 and 03636135
- Volume :
- 301
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....dc2f7efe7fb8df3a441b5afba8399004