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The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status
- Source :
- Military Medical Research, Military medical research, 7:11, Military Medical Research, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Disease reservoir
viruses
Review
medicine.disease_cause
Virus Replication
Disease Outbreaks
0302 clinical medicine
Viral Envelope Proteins
Chiroptera
Medicine
030212 general & internal medicine
Fatigue
Coronavirus
lcsh:R5-920
education.field_of_study
Virulence
Transmission (medicine)
Alphacoronavirus
virus diseases
General Medicine
Middle Aged
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Female
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
lcsh:Medicine (General)
Coronavirus Infections
Coronavirus disease 2019
COVID-19
Clinical characteristics
Therapy
Origin
Transmission
SARS-CoV-2
Adult
Diarrhea
medicine.medical_specialty
China
Fever
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Population
Pneumonia, Viral
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
03 medical and health sciences
Betacoronavirus
Animals
Humans
Intensive care medicine
education
Aged
Disease Reservoirs
lcsh:Military Science
business.industry
lcsh:U
Outbreak
medicine.disease
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Pneumonia
030104 developmental biology
Cough
business
Cytokine storm
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20549369
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Military Medical Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....dc30eef5511f5d7b9ac106b83ad069dc