Reflux into the unused ureter

Reflux occurs into unused ureters in patients with urinary diversion and renal tranplantation, and into the ipsilateral ureter in patients with renal agenesis or dysplasia. Efflux may prevent reflux in patients with normal ureterovesical anatomy. If urine begins to flow down the ureter again the reflux may cease. Thus, in patients undergoing urinary tract reconstruction, undiversion should be done before an antireflux operation is performed. Reimplantation can be done after undiversion on a normal capacity bladder if the reflux persists.