Functionalized Zinc Porphyrins with Various Peripheral Groups for Interfacial Electron Injection Barrier Control in Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Here, we use a simple and effective method to accomplish energy level alignment and thus electron injection barrier control in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a conventional architecture based on a green emissive copolymer. In particular, a series of functionalized zinc porphyrin compounds bearing π-delocalized triazine electron withdrawing spacers for efficient intramolecular electron transfer and different terminal groups such as glycine moieties in their peripheral substitutes are employed as thin interlayers at the emissive layer/Al (cathode) interface to realize efficient electron injection/transport. The effects of spatial (i.e., assembly) configuration, molecular dipole moment and type of peripheral group termination on the optical properties and energy level tuning are investigated by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in F8BT/porphyrin films, by photovoltage measurements in OLED devices and by surface work function measurements in Al electrodes modified with the functionalized zinc porphyrins. The performance of OLEDs is significantly improved upon using the functionalized porphyrin interlayers with the recorded luminance of the devices to reach values 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the reference diode without any electron injection/transport interlayer.