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Influence of Epstein–Barr virus and Human Papillomavirus Infection On Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Macrophage Polarization in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Source :
- BMC Cancer, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021), BMC Cancer
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Research Square Platform LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background To assess the effects of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the tumor microenvironment, we examined the relationship between viral infection status, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and tumor-associated macrophages in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A tissue microarray containing 150 cores from 90 patients with NPC and six with chronic inflammation was used. EBV and HPV status were detected using in situ hybridization with commercial EBER1 and HPV16/18 probes. Immunofluorescence double staining of MIF, pan-macrophage marker CD68, M1 macrophage marker CD11c, and M2 macrophage marker CD163 were analyzed using the same tissue microarray. The levels of these markers between NPC and inflammation cases and between tumor nests and stroma were compared. Correlations among these markers were analyzed. Results We found EBER1(+) cases in 90% of NPC patients, including 10% EBV/HPV co-infection. M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated the tumor nest, while M2 macrophages infiltrated the tumor stroma. We found a significant positive correlation between EBER1 levels and MIF levels in tumor nests and a significant positive correlation between HPV16/18 and CD11c(+) cell levels in NPC tissues. Conclusions It is suggested that MIF is associated with EBV, and M1 macrophage infiltration is affected by HPV status in NPC.
- Subjects :
- Male
Cancer Research
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Macrophage polarization
Biology
Alphapapillomavirus
medicine.disease_cause
Japan
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Genetics
medicine
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
otorhinolaryngologic diseases
Humans
Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors
RC254-282
Tumor microenvironment
Tissue microarray
Coinfection
Research
Tumor-associated macrophages
Papillomavirus Infections
virus diseases
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Macrophage Activation
Middle Aged
M2 Macrophage
medicine.disease
Prognosis
Epstein–Barr virus
Virus
Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
Oncology
Case-Control Studies
Cancer research
RNA, Viral
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Female
CD163
Follow-Up Studies
Subjects
Details
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMC Cancer, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021), BMC Cancer
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e2a9fef2defddc7719ab3facec866cfe