Anti‐HIV Compounds from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived Fungus Chaetomium globosum

Chemical investigation on the deep-sea-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum led to the isolation of nine compounds. By extensive analyses of the1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS spectra, their structures were elucidated as xylariol A ( 1 ), 1,3-dihydro-4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-isobenzofuran ( 2 ), epicoccone B ( 3 ) epicoccolide B ( 4 ), chaetoglobosin G ( 5 ), chaetoglobosin Fex ( 6 ), cochliodone A ( 7 ), cochliodone B ( 8 ), and chaetoviridin A ( 9 ), assorting as four phenolics ( 1 - 4 ), two cytochalosans ( 5 - 6 ), and three azaplilones ( 7 - 9 ). Compounds 1 - 3 were firstly reported from C. globosum . Under the concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 1 , 2 , and 3 exhibited potent in vitro anti-HIV activity with the inhibition rates of 70%, 75%, and 88%, respectively.