Incidence of falls in long-stay hospitals: risk factors and strategies for prevention

Introduction Falls are a major health problem in elderly institutionalised patients, due to the associated high morbidity and mortality rates and the impact on future quality of life. Objective To analyse the incidence and patient profile for falls, and to identify potential causes and effects. We also assess the efficacy of intervention in selected patients in preventing further falls. Methods We performed a prospective study at a long-term care centre for 12 months. Data were collected via fall reports. The falls committee drafted a monthly data collection form. Results A total of 155 falls were recorded in 80 patients, with 40% presenting more than one fall. Patients aged over 70 years accounted for 84.5% of falls; 42.7% of patients are able to walk independently; 55.5% of falls occurred in the bedroom; 74.8% of patients had been prescribed sedatives or psychoactive, or antihypertensive drugs; 27.7% of falls were due to loss of balance and 22.5% were due to patients performing an activity for which they did not have the capacity. Fractures occurred in 1.9% of patients. Conclusions Patients aged over 70 years, walking independently, receiving sedatives or psychoactive or antihypertensive drugs, and with history of falls were at greatest risk. The majority of falls occurred in the bedroom. Physiotherapy interventions were highly effective in cases selected by the falls committee.