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Removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill effluent by aerobic biological treatment with steroidal metabolite detection
- Source :
- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, Artículos CONICYT, CONICYT Chile, instacron:CONICYT
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Informa UK Limited, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Stigmasterol is a phytosterol contained in Kraft mill effluent that is able to increase over 100% after aerobic biological treatment. This compound can act as an endocrine disrupter as its structure is similar to that of cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill effluents treated by a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with steroidal metabolite detection. The MBBR was operated for 145 days, with a hydraulic retention time of 2 days. Stigmasterol and steroidal metabolites were detected by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector during MBBR operation. The results show that the MBBR removed 87.4% of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 61.5% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 24.5% of phenol and 31.5% of lignin, expressed in average values. The MBBR system successfully removed 100% of the stigmasterol contained in the influent (33 µg L(-1)) after 5 weeks of operation. In that case, the organic load rate was 0.343 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). Furthermore, different steroidal compounds (e.g., testosterone propionate, stigmast-4-en-3-one, 5α-pregnan-12-one-20α-hydroxy, 5α-pregnane-3,11,20-trione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstane-11,17-dione were detected in the Kraft mill effluent as potential products of phytosterol biotransformation.
- Subjects :
- Paper
0301 basic medicine
Biochemical oxygen demand
Environmental Engineering
Hydraulic retention time
Stigmasterol
Industrial Waste
Endocrine Disruptors
010501 environmental sciences
Lignin
Waste Disposal, Fluid
complex mixtures
01 natural sciences
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Bioreactors
Bioreactor
Chile
Effluent
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
Chromatography
Moving bed biofilm reactor
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
Chemical oxygen demand
food and beverages
General Medicine
Pinus
Bacteria, Aerobic
Biodegradation, Environmental
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Steroids
Kraft paper
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15324117 and 10934529
- Volume :
- 51
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e6361321368e8ca643cac62b15dcc8d4