Diastereomeric Recognition of 5 ',8-cyclo-2 '-Deoxyadenosine Lesions by Human Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 in a Biomimetic Model

5&rsquo
8-Cyclo-2&rsquo
deoxyadenosine (cdA), in the 5&rsquo
R and 5&rsquo
Sdiastereomeric forms, are typical non strand-break oxidative DNA lesions, induced by hydroxyl radicals, with emerging importance as a molecular marker. These lesions are exclusively repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism with a low efficiency, thus readily accumulating in the genome. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) acts as an early responder to DNA damage and plays a key role as a nick sensor in the maintenance of the integrity of the genome by recognizing nicked DNA. So far, it was unknown whether the two diastereomeric cdA lesions could induce specific PARP1 binding. Here, we provide the first evidence of PARP1 to selectively recognize the diastereomeric lesions of 5&rsquo
S-cdA and 5&rsquo
R-cdA in vitro as compared to deoxyadenosine in model DNA substrates (23-mers) by using circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, immunoblotting analysis, and gel mobility shift assay. Several features of the recognition of the damaged and undamaged oligonucleotides by PARP1 were characterized. Remarkably, PARP1 exhibits different affinities in binding to a double strand (ds) oligonucleotide, which incorporates cdA lesions in R and S diastereomeric form. In particular, PARP1 proved to bind oligonucleotides, including a 5&rsquo
S-cdA, with a higher affinity constant for the 5&rsquo
S lesion in a model of ds DNA than 5&rsquo
R-cdA, showing different recognition patterns, also compared with undamaged dA. This new finding highlights the ability of PARP1 to recognize and differentiate the distorted DNA backbone in a biomimetic system caused by different diastereomeric forms of a cdA lesion.