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Prospects of Autonomous Volcanic Monitoring Stations: Experimental Investigation on Thermoelectric Generation from Fumaroles
Prospects of Autonomous Volcanic Monitoring Stations: Experimental Investigation on Thermoelectric Generation from Fumaroles
- Source :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 3547, p 3547 (2020), Academica-e: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, instname, Sensors, Volume 20, Issue 12
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Fumaroles represent evidence of volcanic activity, emitting steam and volcanic gases at temperatures between 70 and 100 ∘ C . Due to the well-known advantages of thermoelectricity, such as reliability, reduced maintenance and scalability, the present paper studies the possibilities of thermoelectric generators, devices based on solid-state physics, to directly convert fumaroles heat into electricity due to the Seebeck effect. For this purpose, a thermoelectric generator composed of two bismuth-telluride thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as heat exchangers was installed, for the first time, at Teide volcano (Canary Islands, Spain), where fumaroles arise in the surface at 82 ∘ C . The installed thermoelectric generator has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed solution, leading to a compact generator with no moving parts that produces a net generation between 0.32 and 0 . 33 W per module given a temperature difference between the heat reservoirs encompassed in the 69&ndash<br />86 ∘ C range. These results become interesting due to the possibilities of supplying power to the volcanic monitoring stations that measure the precursors of volcanic eruptions, making them completely autonomous. Nonetheless, in order to achieve this objective, corrosion prevention measures must be taken because the hydrogen sulfide contained in the fumaroles reacts with steam, forming sulfuric acid.
- Subjects :
- Geothermal
020209 energy
Nuclear engineering
heat pipe
thermoelectric generator
02 engineering and technology
lcsh:Chemical technology
Biochemistry
Article
thermoelectricity
autonomous
Analytical Chemistry
Volcanic Gases
Autonomous
geothermal
Heat exchanger
Thermoelectric effect
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
lcsh:TP1-1185
event
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Volcano
Instrumentation
Thermoelectric generator
event.disaster_type
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category
power generation
Thermoelectricity
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Fumarole
Heat pipe
volcano
Electricity generation
0210 nano-technology
Power generation
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14248220
- Volume :
- 20
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Sensors
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....e9f2bf767f8c90e62de2d88105a3c448
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123547