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How Does Low Socioeconomic Status Increase Blood Lead Levels in Korean Children?
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1488 (2018), Volume 15, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Although studies have shown that a low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with high blood lead levels (BLLs) in children, the mechanism underlying this observation is not well known. To determine how SES influences BLLs via environmental factors in Korean children, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 4744 children aged 5&ndash<br />13 years. Questionnaires on sociodemographic information, environmental factors, and food consumption were administered to the children&rsquo<br />s parents. BLLs in the study subjects were measured.The complete set of hypothesized associations was assessed using regression analysis and structural equation modeling. SES was associated with high BLLs. The total effects of nutritional factors, lead in the air and total length of nearby roads, and agriculture on BLLs were &minus<br />0.062 (p &lt<br />0.001), 0.068 (p = 0.005), and 0.038 (p = 0.035), respectively. The direct effects of playing outdoors and SES on BLLs were 0.113 (p &lt<br />0.001) and &minus<br />0.111 (p &lt<br />0.001), respectively. Although playing outdoors had a greater direct effect on BLLs than did SES, the total effect of SES (standardized &beta<br />= &minus<br />0.132, p &lt<br />0.001) was greater than that of other sources owing to indirect effects (&beta<br />0.020, p = 0.004). A low SES was a major risk factor for elevated BLLs via environmental factors.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Adolescent
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Population
Food consumption
environmental exposure
lcsh:Medicine
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Article
socioeconomic status
03 medical and health sciences
children
Risk Factors
Environmental health
Surveys and Questionnaires
Republic of Korea
Medicine
Humans
Risk factor
education
Child
Socioeconomic status
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
education.field_of_study
lead
business.industry
lcsh:R
Direct effects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Regression analysis
Environmental exposure
030104 developmental biology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Social Class
Total effects
Child, Preschool
Income
Regression Analysis
Environmental Pollutants
Female
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16604601 and 16617827
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ebed2f12be2b8d28973f8f9d86cd8f26