Back to Search
Start Over
Functional Adult Outcomes 16 Years After Childhood Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: MTA Results
- Source :
- Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 55(11)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Objective To compare educational, occupational, legal, emotional, substance use disorder, and sexual behavior outcomes in young adults with persistent and desistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and a local normative comparison group (LNCG) in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA). Method Data were collected 12, 14, and 16 years postbaseline (mean age 24.7 years at 16 years postbaseline) from 476 participants with ADHD diagnosed at age 7 to 9 years, and 241 age- and sex-matched classmates. Probands were subgrouped on persistence versus desistence of DSM-5 symptom count. Orthogonal comparisons contrasted ADHD versus LNCG and symptom-persistent (50%) versus symptom-desistent (50%) subgroups. Functional outcomes were measured with standardized and demographic instruments. Results Three patterns of functional outcomes emerged. Post−secondary education, times fired/quit a job, current income, receiving public assistance, and risky sexual behavior showed the most common pattern: the LNCG group fared best, symptom-persistent ADHD group worst, and symptom-desistent ADHD group between, with the largest effect sizes between LNCG and symptom-persistent ADHD. In the second pattern, seen with emotional outcomes (emotional lability, neuroticism, anxiety disorder, mood disorder) and substance use outcomes, the LNCG and symptom-desistent ADHD group did not differ, but both fared better than the symptom-persistent ADHD group. In the third pattern, noted with jail time (rare), alcohol use disorder (common), and number of jobs held, group differences were not significant. The ADHD group had 10 deaths compared to one death in the LNCG. Conclusion Adult functioning after childhood ADHD varies by domain and is generally worse when ADHD symptoms persist. It is important to identify factors and interventions that promote better functional outcomes.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Employment
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Substance-Related Disorders
Poison control
Aftercare
Alcohol use disorder
behavioral disciplines and activities
adult outcomes
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
0302 clinical medicine
mental disorders
medicine
follow-up
Developmental and Educational Psychology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Young adult
Psychiatry
functional outcomes
MTA
Psychiatry and Mental Health
Child
05 social sciences
medicine.disease
Neuroticism
3. Good health
Substance abuse
Mood
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Disease Progression
Female
Psychology
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Anxiety disorder
050104 developmental & child psychology
Clinical psychology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15275418
- Volume :
- 55
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ecfc895649b153ad7a9db3126be6cacd