Orthohantavirus Spp. – Review Of Genus

The infections caused by orthohantaviruses were already known in the Middle Ages as “English sweats.” There are two main diseases caused by these viruses – HPS (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and HFRS (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome). Rodents are the main reservoir of these microorganisms, and humans usually catch them by inhalation, as a result of contact with secretions and droppings of carriers. HPS is characterized by a sudden onset, and symptoms include primarily cough, fever and difficulty breathing, and in extreme cases – respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. HFRS begins suddenly and the main manifestation includes fever, renal failure, hemorrhage, hematuria and proteinuria, as well as shock. At present, anti-hantavirus therapy with proven effectiveness does not exist. A key role in the treatment is resting lifestyle, electrolyte control, fluid therapy and prevention of hypotension, and in harder cases – administration of oxygen. Deviations from normal values in laboratory analyzes of people infected with this pathogen depend on the organ affected by the disease process 1. History 2. Systematics of Orthohantavirus spp. genus 3. Morphology 3.1. Genome 3.2. Structure of the virion 4. Mechanism of infection 4.1. Route of infection 4.2. Life cycle 5. Pathogenicity 6. Treatment 7. Diagnostics 8. Prevention – vaccines 9. Summary