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The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star

Authors :
A. Claret
E. Casal
Jorge Sanz-Forcada
D. Montes
Juan Luis Cano
N. Casasayas-Barris
M. Lampón
C. Rodríguez López
E. de Guindos
Michael Perryman
N. Lodieu
S. Pedraz
Johana Panduro
Otmar Stahl
Guillem Anglada-Escudé
Peter H. Hauschildt
E. Solano
A. López-Comazzi
Ralf Launhardt
J. I. Vico Linares
E. Herrero
M. J. López-González
J. Kemmer
P. Schöfer
T. Stuber
A. Klutsch
J. H. M. M. Schmitt
S. Reinhardt
Manuel López-Puertas
M. Ammler-von Eiff
M. Lafarga
Manuel Perger
R. Hernández Arabí
M. R. Zapatero Osorio
J. Garcia de la Fuente
Hugo M. Tabernero
Priyanka Chaturvedi
Ulrich Grözinger
M. López del Fresno
Grzegorz Nowak
F. J. Alonso-Floriano
M. Brinkmöller
F. Labarga
Lluis Gesa
R. Calvo Ortega
L. M. Lara
Juan Pablo Pascual
Francesc Vilardell
M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez
Andreas Schweitzer
Denis Shulyak
Aviv Ofir
A. Rosich
J. Klüter
Alfredo Sota
Ernesto Sánchez-Blanco
Ignasi Ribas
M. Tala Pinto
A. Fernández-Martín
V. Casanova
Sebastian Schafer
Vianak Naranjo
P. Martín-Fernández
S. Czesla
I. Hermelo
P. Rhode
Hannu Parviainen
Karl Wagner
M. Kürster
Hubert Klahr
Juan Carlos Suárez
Florian Rodler
V. Wolthoff
P. Bluhm
Birgit Fuhrmeister
M. Llamas
Emilio Marfil
S. V. Jeffers
Philipp Huke
H. Magán Madinabeitia
Jose A. Caballero
R. Antona Jiménez
Fei Yan
S. Lalitha
C. del Burgo
E. Díez-Alonso
A. Rodríguez Trinidad
A. Pavlov
F. F. Bauer
J. Góngora Rueda
M. Azzaro
Jesus M. Carro
I. Gallardo Cava
L. F. Sarmiento
M. Kim
A. Guijarro
Susana Martín-Ruiz
M. L. García Vargas
M. A. Sánchez Carrasco
Sabine Reffert
Lisa Nortmann
Andreas Quirrenbach
A. Fukui
M. Cortés-Contreras
Pedro J. Amado
H. Anwand-Heerwart
Ricardo Dorda
F. J. Lázaro
A. P. Hatzes
F. Hernández Otero
Javier López-Santiago
Jesús Aceituno
E. Mirabet
D. Baroch
Mahmoudreza Oshagh
Ana Pérez-Calpena
J. B. P. Strachan
Juan Carlos Morales
Evangelos Nagel
Th. Henning
R. González-Peinado
J. Helmling
David Barrado
E. N. Johnson
S. Dreizler
Lev Tal-Or
Enric Palle
Víctor J. S. Béjar
M. Fernandez
J. Guàrdia
S. Stock
E. L. Martin
S. Becerril
D. Pérez Medialdea
Armin Huber
D. Hintz
L. Hernández Castaño
I. M. Ferro
M. Zechmeister
H. W. Rix
C. Cardona Guillén
Gilles Bergond
S. Sadegi
W. Xu
G. Veredas
A. Ramón Ballesta
B. Arroyo-Torres
R. P. Hedrosa
Rafael Rebolo
J. A. Marín Molina
A. Sánchez-López
Norio Narita
F. J. Aceituno
Ovidio Rabaza
J. I. González Hernández
A. Garcia-Piquer
M. E. Moreno-Raya
Rafael Luque
Paula Sarkis
J. Stürmer
Trifon Trifonov
P. Redondo
E. Gonzalez-Alvarez
E. Rodriguez
Ralf Klein
L. Mancini
Diana Kossakowski
D. Benítez
J. F. López Salas
D. Galadí-Enríquez
Josep Colomé
C. J. Marvin
E. de Juan
Z. M. Berdinas
D. Maroto Fernández
Ansgar Reiners
Carlos Cifuentes
Walter Seifert
Pilar Montañés-Rodríguez
Ulrich Mall
V. M. Passegger
A. Kaminski
L. Gonzalez-Cuesta
Holger Mandel
Miguel Abril
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA)
Landessternwarte Königstuhl
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE)
Institute for Astrophysics in Göttingen
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Hamburg Observatory
Max Planck Society
Observatorio de Calar Alto
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Junta de Andalucía
German Research Foundation
German Centre for Air and Space Travel
European Research Council
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
European Commission
Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
Israel Science Foundation
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Source :
WOS:000473255900002, RUO: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI), Digibug. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, instname, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, E-Prints Complutense. Archivo Institucional de la UCM, RUO. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Astronomy and Astrophysics, E-Prints Complutense: Archivo Institucional de la UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, e-Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Publication Year :
2019

Abstract

Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES. Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden's Star and analysed them for planetary signals. Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden's Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals. Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1 M minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age. Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.© ESO 2019.<br />M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sanchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly collected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC). Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoring NEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence >Severo Ochoa> and >Maria de Maeztu> awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya through CERCA programme>, the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt through grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant 6 94 513, the Italian Ministero dell'instruzione, dell'universita de della ricerca and Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and >Mission: Sustainability 2016>, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant 848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 31 80 405, the Mexican CONACYT through grant CVU 4 48 248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grants JP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775.

Details

Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
WOS:000473255900002, RUO: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI), Digibug. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, instname, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, E-Prints Complutense. Archivo Institucional de la UCM, RUO. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Astronomy and Astrophysics, E-Prints Complutense: Archivo Institucional de la UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, e-Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....edc57b5fd41e617115664bef49d9528d