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Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 18, Issue 7, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3781, p 3781 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The ecological model theory highlights that human development (or a given behavior) is the result of the interaction of variables derived from different levels, comprising those directly related to the subjects and those related to the environment. Given that, the purpose of this study is to establish whether runners’ performance may vary among different Brazilian states, as the factors associated with this difference. The sample comprised 1151 Brazilian runners (61.8% men) that completed an online questionnaire, providing information about biological (sex, age, height, and weight), training (running pace, frequency and volume/week, and motivation), sociodemographic (place of residence and wage) aspects, and perceptions about the environmental influences on the practice. Information about state variables was obtained from official institutes, and comprised the human development index (HDI), athletics events, and violence index. Multilevel analysis was conducted in HLM software. State-level characteristics explained ≈3% of the total variance in running performance. Of the total variance explained for the individual level, 56.4% was associated with male sex (β = −54.98<br />p &lt<br />0.001), age (β = 1.09<br />0.001), body mass index (β = 6.86<br />0.001), economic status (β = 6.23<br />p = 0.003), the perception of the natural environment (β = 7.58<br />p = 0.02), training frequency (β = −16.64<br />0.001), and weekly volume (β = −0.30<br />0.001). At the state level, only athletics events presented a positive and significant influence on performance. There is a significant role of the environment on the explanation of running performance variability, and given the diversity across states, environmental variables should not be neglected, as they are relevant to the exploration of other variables possibly related to running performance.
- Subjects :
- Male
11035 Institute of General Practice
Index (economics)
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
media_common.quotation_subject
Wage
lcsh:Medicine
610 Medicine & health
Computer-assisted web interviewing
Article
Body Mass Index
Running
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Surveys and Questionnaires
2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Humans
Toxicology and Mutagenesis
030212 general & internal medicine
Human Development Index
Socioeconomic status
multilevel modeling
media_common
Motivation
lcsh:R
Environmental and Occupational Health
Multilevel model
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
030229 sport sciences
predictors
Health
2310 Pollution
Female
Residence
Public Health
Psychology
Body mass index
Brazil
performance
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16604601
- Volume :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....ef3bf78d461dd41b3ca7e678c400943c