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Characterization of the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Experimental Periapical Lesion Development and Their Chemoattraction Manipulation as a Therapeutic Tool
- Source :
- Journal of Endodontics. 42:120-126
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Introduction The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is determined by the balance between host proinflammatory immune response and counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses, which include regulatory T cells (Tregs) as potential immunoregulatory agents. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the involvement of CCL22-CCR4 axis in Treg migration to the periapical area and the role of Tregs in the determination of outcomes in periapical lesions. Methods Periapical lesions were induced in C57Bl/6 (wild-type) and CCR4KO mice (pulp exposure and bacterial inoculation) and treated with anti–glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene to inhibit Treg function or alternatively with CCL22-releasing, polylactic-glycolic acid particles to induce site-specific migration of Tregs. After treatment, lesions were analyzed for Treg influx and phenotype, overall periapical bone loss, and inflammatory/immunologic and wound healing marker expression (analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction array). Results Treg inhibition by anti–glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene or CCR4 depletion results in a significant increase in periapical lesion severity, associated with upregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with decreased Treg and healing marker expression. The local release of CCL22 in the root canal system resulted in the promotion of Treg migration in a CCR4-dependent manner, leading to the arrest of periapical lesion progression, associated with downregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with increased Treg and healing marker expression. Conclusions Because the natural and CCL22-induced Treg migration switches active lesion into inactivity phenotype, Treg chemoattractant may be a promising strategy for the clinical management of periapical lesions.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Receptors, CCR4
CCR4
chemical and pharmacologic phenomena
Biology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Article
Proinflammatory cytokine
Lesion
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Downregulation and upregulation
medicine
Animals
Humans
Periapical Diseases
General Dentistry
Chemokine CCL22
030206 dentistry
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
030104 developmental biology
Immunology
Periapical bone loss
medicine.symptom
CCL22
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00992399
- Volume :
- 42
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Endodontics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f00e1a829e7258710eb49aa767ca662b