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The New Zealand Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD): A new suite of indicators for social and health research in Aotearoa, New Zealand
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e0181260 (2017)
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017.
-
Abstract
- For the past 20 years, the New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDep) has been the universal measure of area-based social circumstances for New Zealand (NZ) and often the key social determinant used in population health and social research. This paper presents the first theoretical and methodological shift in the measurement of area deprivation in New Zealand since the 1990s and describes the development of the New Zealand Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). We briefly describe the development of Data Zones, an intermediary geographical scale, before outlining the development of the New Zealand Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), which uses routine datasets and methods comparable to current international deprivation indices. We identified 28 indicators of deprivation from national health, social development, taxation, education, police databases, geospatial data providers and the 2013 Census, all of which represented seven Domains of deprivation: Employment; Income; Crime; Housing; Health; Education; and Geographical Access. The IMD is the combination of these seven Domains. The Domains may be used individually or in combination, to explore the geography of deprivation and its association with a given health or social outcome. Geographic variations in the distribution of the IMD and its Domains were found among the District Health Boards in NZ, suggesting that factors underpinning overall deprivation are inconsistent across the country. With the exception of the Access Domain, the IMD and its Domains were statistically and moderately-to-strongly associated with both smoking rates and household poverty. The IMD provides a more nuanced view of area deprivation circumstances in Aotearoa NZ. Our vision is for the IMD and the Data Zones to be widely used to inform research, policy and resource allocation projects, providing a better measurement of area deprivation in NZ, improved outcomes for Māori, and a more consistent approach to reporting and monitoring the social climate of NZ.
- Subjects :
- lcsh:Medicine
Social Sciences
Distribution (economics)
Criminology
Geographical locations
0302 clinical medicine
Sociology
Environmental protection
Medicine and Health Sciences
Public and Occupational Health
030212 general & internal medicine
lcsh:Science
Child
Socioeconomics
Social Research
Multidisciplinary
Geography
Health services research
Censuses
Taxes
Aotearoa
Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
Social research
Health Education and Awareness
Research Design
Health
Scale (social sciences)
Income
Health Services Research
Crime
0305 other medical science
Research Article
Employment
Census
Oceania
Population health
Research and Analysis Methods
Human Geography
03 medical and health sciences
Social Justice
Humans
Survey Research
030505 public health
Poverty
business.industry
lcsh:R
Social change
Health Care
Socioeconomic Factors
Earth Sciences
Housing
lcsh:Q
People and places
business
New Zealand
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLOS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f07f83df5e9c39b8e23b40570c823263