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Pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean Basin: The influence of temporal and hydrological patterns in environmental risk assessment
- Source :
- Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos), Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC)-FCT-Sociedade da Informação, instacron:RCAAP
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is nowadays a well-established issue that has become a matter of both scientific and public concern. Tons of different classes of pharmaceuticals find their way to the environment at variable degrees, after their use and excretion through wastewater and sewage treatment systems. The main goal of this study was to correlate the dynamics and the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals with different temporal and hydrological patterns, at the Guadiana Basin (South of Portugal). Water samples were collected bimonthly during 2017 (classified as a drought year) and 2018 (post-drought year) in: Zebro, Álamos and Amieira (intermittent hydrological streams), and Lucefécit (perennial hydrological stream). The pharmaceuticals quantified in higher concentrations, out of 27 investigated, were diclofenac (up to 4806 ng L−1), ibuprofen (3161 ng L−1), hydrochlorothiazide (2726 ng L−1) and carbamazepine (3223 ng L−1). Zebro and Álamos presented the highest contamination by this group of environmental hazardous substances, which may be correlated with the presence of wastewater treatment plants upstream the sampling point of each stream. Furthermore, the highest concentrations occurred mainly during the dry period (2017), when the flow was nearly inexistent in Zebro, and in Álamos after the first heavy rainfalls. In specific periods, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals detected may induce risk for the organisms of lowest trophic levels, damaging the balance of the ecosystems at these streams. The risk quotient optimised approach (RQf) integrating exposure, toxicity and persistence factors, ranks the pharmaceuticals investigated in terms of risk for the aquatic ecosystems as follows: diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine (high risk), clarithromycin (moderate risk), acetaminophen, ofloxacin and bezafibrate (endurable risk), and hydrochlorothiazide (negligible risk).<br />The present research is co-funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, included in the COMPETE 2020 (Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization) through the ICT project (UID/GEO/04683/2013) with the reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690, the ALOP project (ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000004), and through the Engage SKA (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022217) and by the European Union through the EU FP7 project SOLUTIONS (603437).
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
STREAMS
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Risk Assessment
Rivers
Environmental Chemistry
Ecosystem
Waste Management and Disposal
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Trophic level
Portugal
Aquatic ecosystem
Contamination
Guadiana Basin
Environmental risk assessment
Pollution
6. Clean water
Water quality
Wastewater
Pharmaceutical Preparations
13. Climate action
Environmental chemistry
Environmental science
Pharmaceuticals
Sewage treatment
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Environmental Monitoring
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos), Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC)-FCT-Sociedade da Informação, instacron:RCAAP
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f0f8342b17a5175d9348ac237c2eb64a