Comparison of short- and long-term effectiveness between ustekinumab and vedolizumab in patients with Crohn's disease refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy

International audience; Background The best option between vedolizumab and ustekinumab after anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) failure remains unclear in Crohn's disease.Aims To compare the short- and long-term effectiveness of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in Crohn's disease patients with prior anti-TNF exposure.Methods All Crohn's disease patients treated with ustekinumab or vedolizumab after exposure to at least one anti-TNF agent were included from two referral centres. Primary endpoint was corticosteroid-free clinical remission defined as Crohn's disease activity index 35 years old (OR = 0.41 [0.19-0.87]), with noncomplicated phenotype (OR=0.42 [0.18-0.96]), no prior bowel resection (OR = 0.49 [0.24-0.96]), and no steroids at baseline (OR=0.47 [0.23-0.97]).Conclusion Ustekinumab was more effective to achieve early and long-term effectiveness than vedolizumab in Crohn's disease patients who previously failed response to anti-TNF agents.