Subcortical grey matter structures in multiple sclerosis

The present study aimed to investigate altered grey matter (GM) and functional connectivity (FC) in deep subcortical areas, like the thalamus and basal ganglia, and their relationship with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thirty-six patients were neuropsychologically assessed, classified as cognitive preserved (CP) and cognitive impairment (CI), and were compared with 18 healthy controls (HC). GM atrophy and FC were observed in 10 predefined functional areas of the thalamus and in six of basal ganglia. GM atrophy was prominent in the basal ganglia in CI patients compared to CP MS patients. Increased FC was observed between the right caudate and the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex in CI vs. CP patients. The discriminant and correlation analyses revealed that the enhanced FC observed between the right caudate and the orbitofrontal cortex was closely associated with cognitive impairment in MS patients. In conclusion, reduced GM volume and enhanced fronto-basal ganglia connectivity are related to cognition in MS patients.