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Biomonitoring of human exposures to chlorinated derivatives and structural analogs of bisphenol A
- Source :
- Environment International, Vol 85, Iss, Pp 352-379 (2015)
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2015.
-
Abstract
- The high reactivity of bisphenol A (BPA) with disinfectant chlorine is evident in the instantaneous formation of chlorinated BPA derivatives (ClxBPA) in various environmental media that show increased estrogen-activity when compared with that of BPA. The documented health risks associated with BPA exposures have led to the gradual market entry of BPA structural analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), etc. A suite of exposure sources to ClxBPA and BPA analogs in the domestic environment is anticipated to drive the nature and range of halogenated BPA derivatives that can form when residual BPA comes in contact with disinfectant in tap water and/or consumer products. The primary objective of this review was to survey all available studies reporting biomonitoring protocols of ClxBPA and structural BPA analogs (BPS, BPF, BPB, etc.) in human matrices. Focus was paid on describing the analytical methodologies practiced for the analysis of ClxBPA and BPA analogs using hyphenated chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques, because current methodologies for human matrices are complex. During the last decade, an increasing number of ecotoxicological, cell-culture and animal-based and human studies dealing with ClxBPA exposure sources and routes of exposure, metabolism and toxicity have been published. Up to date findings indicated the association of ClxBPA with metabolic conditions, such as obesity, lipid accumulation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. We critically discuss the limitations, research needs and future opportunities linked with the inclusion of ClxBPA and BPA analogs into exposure assessment protocols of relevant epidemiological studies. Keywords: Biomonitoring, Bisphenol A, BPA analogs, BPA free, analogs, Chlorinated derivatives, Disinfection, Emerging contaminants, Human exposure, Mass spectrometry, Metabolites
- Subjects :
- endocrine system
Bisphenol A
Lipid accumulation
BPA analogs
BPA free
Medical and Health Sciences
Article
chemistry.chemical_compound
Domestic environment
Phenols
Health Sciences
Biomonitoring
Metabolites
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
Animals
Humans
Obesity
Benzhydryl compounds
Benzhydryl Compounds
lcsh:Environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
Exposure assessment
lcsh:GE1-350
Emerging contaminants
Mass spectrometry
Human studies
urogenital system
Chlorinated derivatives
Human exposure
Disinfection
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Bisphenol S
chemistry
Environmental chemistry
Environmental Pollutants
hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Analogs
Environmental Monitoring
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01604120
- Volume :
- 85
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environment International
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....f55be3f1b2b0847de58d75facfc03617