Clinical Characteristics of Relapsing Polychondritis: A Report of 8 Cases in Japan

OBJECTIVES Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a very rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous tissues. We examined the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Japanese RP patients. METHODS We identified 8 RP cases in our department between 2003 and 2017. Detailed clinical features, testing, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 9 months. Four cases presented with auricular chondritis and laryngotracheal involvement and 3 cases presented with a saddle nose deformity. Anti-type II collagen antibody was positive in 5 of 6 cases. Of 3 cases with associated diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Sjogren's syndrome), 2 died of respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS When RP is diagnosed, early computed tomography or pulmonary function testing is essential to enable early treatment. Undiagnosed airway involvement can cause tracheobronchial wall fibrosis, leading to fixed stenosis.