Amphotericin Bin vitroresistance is associated with fatalAspergillus flavusinfection

Whether in vitro antifungal susceptibility fi ndings correlate with the outcome of patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains debated. This study aimed to test whether IA patients ’ outcomes were associated with in vitro susceptibility results. To do so, we determined the in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B (AMB) of 37 Aspergillus fl isolates from 14 patients with haematological malignancies diagnosed with proven or probable IA, of which 13 were treated with AMB deoxycholate. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by Etest with the isolates classifi ed as in vitro sensitive (AMB-S) or resistant (AMB-R) if their MICs were 2 or 2 mg/l, respectively. The association of the patients ’ death with primary disease, administered antifungal treatment, and infection with AMB-R A. fl avus was tested using generalized estimating equations logistic regression. We assessed AMB-R in 31/37 (84%) isolates. In the patients treated with AMB, the survival rate was 2/3 (67%) and 2/9 (22%) for those infected with AMB-S or AMB-R A. fl avus , respectively. Both infection with AMB-R A. fl avus ( P 0.014) strain and acute myelocytic leukaemia as the underlying primary disease ( P 0.036) were independent predictors of death. Our fi ndings indicate that in vitro resistance predicts a poor outcome in patients with A. fl avus invasive disease treated with AMB. Recent advances in non-culture-based microbiological methods should not discourage efforts to obtain in vitro antifungal susceptibility results, which are critical for the choice of antifungal therapy in patients with IA.