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PLS-DA Model for the Evaluation of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents through Blood Serum FTIR Spectra
- Source :
- Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 3400, p 3400 (2021), Molecules, Volume 26, Issue 11
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It affects similar to 10% of the world's population of children, and about 30-50% of those diagnosed in childhood continue to show ADHD symptoms later, with 2-5% of adults having the condition. Current diagnosis of ADHD is based on the clinical evaluation of the patient, and on interviews performed by clinicians with parents and teachers of the children, which, together with the fact that it shares common symptoms and frequent comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental disorders, makes the accurate and timely diagnosis of the disorder a difficult task. Despite the large effort to identify reliable biomarkers that can be used in a clinical environment to support clinical diagnosis, this goal has never been achieved hitherto. In the present study, infrared spectroscopy was used together with multivariate statistical methods (hierarchical clustering and partial least-squares discriminant analysis) to develop a model based on the spectra of blood serum samples that is able to distinguish ADHD patients from healthy individuals. The developed model used an approach where the whole infrared spectrum (in the 3700-900 cm(-1) range) was taken as a holistic imprint of the biochemical blood serum environment (spectroscopic biomarker), overcoming the need for the search of any particular chemical substance associated with the disorder (molecular biomarker). The developed model is based on a sensitive and reliable technique, which is cheap and fast, thus appearing promising to use as a complementary diagnostic tool in the clinical environment. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK 1001 ProjectTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [116Z294]; Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia; FCT-Lisbon) [UIDB/EQU/00102/2020, UIDP/EQU/00102/2020]; COMPETE-EU This research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK 1001 Project, grant number 116Z294. R.F. thanks the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia; FCT-Lisbon) for financial support to the Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) through the projects UIDB/EQU/00102/2020 and UIDP/EQU/00102/2020 (national funds), also funded by COMPETE-EU.
- Subjects :
- Male
Pediatrics
Pharmaceutical Science
Organic chemistry
PLS-DA
Analytical Chemistry
0302 clinical medicine
Blood serum
QD241-441
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Drug Discovery
Diagnosis
Child
FTIR Spectroscopy
education.field_of_study
05 social sciences
Discriminant Analysis
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Molecular Medicine
Biomarker (medicine)
Tool
Female
050104 developmental & child psychology
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Population
Article
Ftir spectra
03 medical and health sciences
medicine
Humans
0501 psychology and cognitive sciences
Adhd symptoms
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Chemometrics
education
Spectrometry
chemometrics
Molecular biomarkers
FTIR spectroscopy
Early Diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Case-Control Studies
Clinical diagnosis
Multivariate Analysis
Symptoms
Attention deficit
Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Lead Levels
Prediction
Infrared-Spectroscopy
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Biomarkers
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 3400, p 3400 (2021), Molecules, Volume 26, Issue 11
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....fef6179d88cf2cb76c9d5265b3beb43b