Immunoglobulin G2 Antibody as a Potential Target for COVID-19 Vaccine

Henok Andualem,1 Mulugeta Kiros,2 Sisay Getu,3 Wasihun Hailemichael1 1Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 3Clinical Hematology and Immunohematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Henok AndualemImmunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaTel +251923251524Email henokyaa@yahoo.comAbstract: The global threat of COVID-19 is continued with no commercially available vaccine or drug yet. While the application of convalescent therapy is usually beneficial, for critically ill patients, the detrimental effect associated with some antibodies is also reported. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is described, albeit the lack of defining whether the difference in subclasses has a beneficial or detrimental role. IgG2 has limited ability to activate innate immune cells and complement-mediated inflammation, which have been inversely described in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The expansion of IgG2 is promoted by interferon γ (IFN-γ); however, there is a low level of IFN-γ in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review describes the importance of targeting IgG2, with IFN-γ in minimizing the SARS-CoV-2 associated inflammation, and may provide insight into the design of vaccine or antibody-based therapies to COVID-19 disease.Keywords: IgG2, IFN-γ, antibody therapy, COVID-19 vaccine