Wintersmog en verkeersmaatregelen, effecten op luchtkwaliteit en gezondheid

Current concentrations of air pollution during episodes of winter-type smog are now lower than in the late eighties. Traffic is a major contributor to the particulate and gaseous air pollution. There are indications that hospital admissions, mortality and other less severe health effects are associated with particulate and gaseous air pollution during episodes of winter-type smog. As an example an estimate has been made of the expected effects on daily health after exposure to extreme 24 h concentration of 230 microg/m3 PM10. The health impact varied for different endpoints, of which high and low values will be presented. During such an extreme episode acute mortality is expected to rise by approximately 20%, while use of medication by asthmatic children is expected to rise threefold. Other health endpoints showed increases between these two. Current knowledge indicates that (even a modest) decrease in yearly average concentrations has a greater positive effect on health effects than stopping all traffic emissions in the Netherlands during such an extreme episode. Therefore a more permanent policy of curbing (traffic) air pollution is probably more effective in reducing public health risks than a one-off termination of all urban traffic in the Netherlands during a winter-type smog episode.