A Study on the Sentences of '给' in the Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks in the Qing Dynasty

Regarding the study of the “给” sentence in modern Beijing dialect, scholars mostly start from the “causative sentence”, “passive sentence” and “disposition sentence”. The reason is that the given verbs can also express causation, passivity, and disposition. There are currently two main viewpoints on the source of the passive “给”. One is that the passive marker “给” comes directly from the verb “given”, and the other is that the verb “给” with the meaning of “given” evolves into a passive marker through “causing”. In this paper, by examining the “给” sentences in the Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks, it is found that its development process is faster than that of the “给” sentences in the mainland materials. The reason can be attributed to the regional differences in the corpus. The part of the Chinese translation in the Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks materials was influenced by the Manchu language, which accelerated the development of the “给” sentence. The influence of the Manchu language provides a basis. At the same time, we have also seen the differences between the five Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks.