The factor structure and related factors of stigmatizing responsive scale adapted to the attitude of university students toward persons with mental disabilities

本研究では、大学生の精神障害者への否定的な態度をスティグマ的反応尺度により把握し、その因子構造と関連要因を明らかにすることを目的とする。青森県、大阪府、岡山県、東京都、奈良県の大学生を対象にビニエット方式で質問紙調査を実施した。ビニエットの事例疾患はうつ病、統合失調症、ぜんそくの3種類を用意し、それらを無作為に対象者に振り分けた。分析項目はビニエットの人物に対するスティグマ的反応、疾患事例、回答者の性別、専攻分野とした。大学生のスティグマ的反応を検討するために最尤法を用いたプロマックス回転による探索的因子分析を行った。その結果、「精神障害者と接することへの不安」「精神障害者の責任能力への不信」「精神科医療を受けていることへの抵抗感」「精神障害者の知的能力や生産性への期待」「精神疾患への恥辱」の5因子が抽出された。一元配置分散分析と多重比較の結果、「精神障害者の責任能力への不信」「精神障害者への恥意識」因子は、ぜんそく群よりもうつ病群および統合失調症群にスティグマ的反応が強い傾向がみられたが、両者の間には差はみられなかった。専攻分野別では「精神障害者の責任能力への不信」「精神障害者の知的能力や生産性への期待」「精神疾患への恥意識」3因子では、看護系が社会福祉系、人文社会系理工系に比べてスティグマ的反応が小さい傾向がみられた。そのうち「精神疾患への意識」因子は社会福祉系が理工系に比べてスティグマ的反応が小さい傾向がみられた。
This study aims to identify the negative attitude of university students toward persons with mental disabilities by stigmatizing responsive scale, and clarify the factor structure and related factors of the scale. University students of Aomori, Osaka, Okayama and Nara prefectures and Tokyo Metropolis responded to the questionnaire survey by Vignette method. Vignette included three types : depression, schizophrenia and asthma, and were distributed to respondents at random. Items for analysis were atigmatizing response toward persons with vignette, examples of disease, sex and a field of study. Exploratory factor analysis using promax rotation in maximum likelihood method was conducted to examine the stigmatizing response of university students. As a result, five factors were extracted ;"an anxiety over meeting with persons with mental disabilities","a distrust of the ability to fulfill his responsibilities of those persons","a feeling of reluctance to understand the treatment of disease","an expectation of the intellectual ability and productivity of persons with mental disabilities"and"a shame on mental disease".As the result of one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparison, in the factor "a distrust of the ability to fulfill his responsibilities of those persons"and"a shame on mental disease"respondents showed a stronger stigmatizing response in depression and schizophrenia than asthma, though the two scores have no difference. In the three factors of"a distrust of the ability to fulfill his responsibilities of those persons","an expectation of the intellectual ability and productivity of persons with mental disabilities"and"a shame on mental disease", students of the fied of nursery showed a weaker stigmatizing response than those of field of social welfare, humanities and science and technology. Especially, in the factor of"a shame on mental disease", students of the field of social welfare showed a weaker stigmatizing response than those of science and technology.