Reconsideration of Competition : Affective Effects of Performances at Competitive Tasks

競争事態に関する心理現象についての基礎データを収集することを目的として実験研究をおこなった.同性の友人ペアを対象とした単純課題の成績について競争する場面を設定し,課題成績が感情状態に及ぼす影響を検討した.探索的な分析から,各試行後の感情状態に対しては,遂行の指標のうち競争相手との成績差や勝敗といった相対的遂行に関連する指標が関連していた.また,達成関連感情では,特に満足,残念さ,悔しさ,諦めといった感情は勝敗の影響を受けており,5試行を通した勝率は課題前後の内的不快感の変化と関連していた.しかし,各試行における誇りや恥の感情,課題前後の評価不安や自意識過剰といった感情は,遂行の影響を受けていなかった.競争状況において競争相手との勝敗が意識されていたにも関わらず,他者に関連する感情に対する影響が弱かったことについては,実験状況の設定なども含めてさらなる検討が望まれる.
Some elemental data as to competition were collected by the methods of experiment and interview. The experimental data were analyzed in this article. Seventeen pairs of the same-sex friends were asked to engage perceptual-motor skill tasks, in which their scores were compared to determine their wins and losses. Multiple indices of task performance were examined in exploratory analysis. Achievement-related affects such as satisfaction, disappointment, regret, and abandoning changed along with their win/loss at each trial, and the total percentage of wins had effects on their intrapersonal sense of adaptation as a subconcept of state self-esteem. Pride, shame, and pre-post change of evaluation apprehension, however, were not related with any indices of task performance. The results implied that the participants were highly aware of their wins and losses, though the affects being conscious of others' existence would depend on the situation including the experimental setting.