Multi-Charged Ion Sources for Pulsed Accelerators

The relatively low duty cycle of pulsed accelerators can give rise to problems in matching the characteristics of multi-charged ion sources to the beam intensity required by the user. Heavy ion physics interests, especially in the heavy ion colliders, demand more and more intensity whilst the accelerator designers require higher charge states to ease their machine problems. Various options for ion sources for present and future heavy ion accelerators are presented.