Comparative Study of Al2O3 and HfO2 for Surface Passivation of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Films: An Innovative Al2O3/HfO2 Multistack Design

In Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells, interface recombination is one of the most important limiting factors with respect to device performance. Herein, metal-insulator-semiconductor samples are used to investigate and compare the passivation effects of Al2O3 and HfO2 at the interface with CIGS. Capacitance-voltage-frequency measurements allow to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the existence of high negative charge density (Q (f) approximate to -10(12) cm(-2)) and low interface-trap density (D (it) approximate to 10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1)). At the rear interface of CIGS solar cells, these, respectively, induce field-effect and chemical passivation. A trade-off is highlighted between stronger field-effect for HfO2 and lower interface-trap density for Al2O3. This motivates the usage of Al2O3 to induce chemical passivation at the front interface of CIGS solar cells but raises the issue of its processing compatibility with the buffer layer. Therefore, an innovative Al2O3/HfO2 multistack design is proposed and investigated for the first time. Effective chemical passivation is similarly demonstrated for this novel design, suggesting potential decrease in recombination rate at the front interface in CIGS solar cells and increased efficiency. 300 degrees C annealing in N-2 environment enable to enhance passivation effectiveness by reducing D (it) while surface cleaning may reveal useful for alternative CIGS processing methods. This work received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 715027. Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library or fromthe author.