Policijski vidik nezakonite sečnje dreves v Republiki Sloveniji

Slovenija je dežela gozdov. Gozdovi pokrivajo 58,4 % površine naše države, zaradi česar se po gozdnatosti uvrščamo na tretje mesto v Evropski uniji. Prav zaradi te neizmerne bogatosti bi morala imeti tako posameznik kot celotna družba eno izmed določenih prioritet v življenju, skrb za naravo in njene dobrine. Med te dobrine naj bo uvrščen tudi gozd, ki ga sestavljajo drevesa in druga flora, dva sestavna dela našega življenja. Zaradi slabe finančne situacije se določeni posamezniki odločajo za izvršitev kaznivih dejanj na področju ekološke kriminalitete oziroma nezakonite sečnje dreves. Sicer v veliki večini primerov tovrstnih prekrškov ali kaznivih dejanj izvedejo ljudje z namenom pridobitve premoženjske koristi, posledično pa kot sekundarna posledica pride do uničenja in razvrednotenja okolja. Posamezniki ali organizirane združbe so pri izvršitvi nezakonite sečnje dreves zelo dobro organizirani, vloge posameznika so jasno določene, čas storitve pa je predčasno planiran glede na več dejavnikov. Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti način preiskovanja tovrstnih kaznivih dejanj, kar je za policijo zelo oteženo. Kljub vsem okoliščinam morajo policisti ali kriminalisti storiti vse potrebno, da se na kraju sečnje dreves oziroma kaznivega dejanja zavarujejo sledovi in predmeti, ki bi pomagali pri odkritju in povezavi storilca tovrstnega dejanja s krajem kaznivega dejanja. Zaradi večje učinkovitosti pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj na področju tatvine lesa, uničevanja gozdov, nezakonite sečnje in trgovine z lesom slovenska policija tudi preko mednarodnega sodelovanja sodeluje v različnih projektih in mednarodnih operacijah. Vendar vse to ni dovolj. Kljub vloženim naporom v preiskovanje ekološke kriminalitete, predvsem na področju nezakonite sečnje dreves, se država do tega področja vede zelo mačehovsko. Gre za veliko problematiko, ki pa trenutno ni prioriteta v Republiki Sloveniji. Za učinkovitejše preiskovanje tovrstnih kaznivih dejanj je med vsemi ukrepi policije pomembno tudi sodelovanje z različnimi pristojnimi službami, kot so npr. državno tožilstvo, Zavod za gozdove, Davčna uprava Republike Slovenije, Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje ter drugi. Prav tako bi bilo treba spremeniti zakonodajo, tako na področju kaznovalne politike, na področju spremljanja, kontrole sečnje, kontrole izvora lesa in trgovine z lesom. Slovenia is a country of forests. The forests cover 58.4 % of the country's surface, which makes it third country with largest forest area in the European Union. This precious wealth should make citizens and the entire society consider protection of nature and its resources one of the priorities. The natural resources which deserve our attention include forests, home of trees and other flora, as crucial ingredients of human life. Because of the bad financial situation some individuals choose to commit criminal offences in the field of environmental crime, particularly illegal logging. Such criminal offences are committed primarily for illegal material gain, but their secondary effect is destruction and depletion of natural environment. Individuals and organised groups are well coordinated when it comes to illegal logging, the role of each member is clearly defined and the timing of the offence is carefully planned in advance and with detailed consideration of multiple factors. Purpose of my work is to present the methods of investigation of these offences, which can be considerably challenging. When it comes to the scene of illegal logging, i.e., of the crime, despite challenging circumstances, the police officers or crime investigators need to do everything necessary to secure the traces and the objects, which could help in tracing the perpetrators and connecting them with the scene of the crime. In order to increase efficiency in investigation of offences related to timber larceny, deforestation, illegal logging and illegal trade in timber, Slovenian police are partaking in a number of international projects and operations. However, this is not enough. Despite the efforts invested into investigation of environmental crime, particularly in illegal logging, the Slovenian government has a step motherly attitude towards this issue. Environmental crime is currently a serious matter, which sadly has not made it to the government's list of priorities. In order to make investigation of environmental criminal offences more efficient, the police must act in close cooperation with governmental services: State Prosecutor's Office, Slovenia Forrest Service, Tax Administration of Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, etc. Efficiency would also be improved with changes to the legislation in the field of penalisation, monitoring and supervision of logging, timber origin verification and in the field of timber trade.