Intermittent recruitment with high-frequency oscillation/tracheal gas insufflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome

In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), recruitment sessions of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) and tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) with short-lasting recruitment manoeuvres (RMs) may improve oxygenation and enable reduction of subsequent conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) pressures. We determined the effect of adding HFO-TGI sessions to lung-protective CMV on early/severe ARDS outcome. We conducted a prospective clinical trial, subdivided into a first single-centre period and a second two-centre period. We enrolled 125 (first period, n=54) patients with arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O-2)/inspiratory oxygen fraction (FI,O-2) of < 150 mmHg for > 12 consecutive hours at an end-expiratory pressure of >= 8 cmH(2)O. Patients were randomly assigned to an HFO-TGI group (receiving HFO-TGI sessions with RMs, interspersed with lung-protective CMV; n=61) or CMV group (receiving lung-protective CMV and RMs; n=64). The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Pre-enrolment ventilation duration was variable. During days 1-10 post-randomisation, Pa,O-2/FI,O-2, oxygenation index, plateau pressure and respiratory compliance were improved in the HFO-TGI group versus the CMV group (p < 0.001 for group x time). Within days 1-60, the HFO-TGI group had more ventilator-free days versus the CMV group (median (interquartile range) 31.0 (0.0-42.0) versus 0.0 (0.0-23.0) days; p < 0.001), and more days without respiratory, circulatory, renal, coagulation and liver failure (p