The parks role in the land transformation: evidences from the central Apennines

International audience; The parks are moving increasingly to become instruments for land management and allow the control of human interventions on the territory, both in conservative terms and through the promotion of activities that can lead to development processes in marginal areas. Among the main reasons that lead to the establishment of a Park lies – in the first place – the presence of externalities about the conservation of natural resources and thus the need to safeguard the public goods which costs should not be counted against its citizens while – secondly – the non-repeatability of natural resources needs the right compromise with the increasing of technological progress, this is the reason why the parks should regulate the equilibrium between the transformation and conservation processes. Anyway, the establishment of a park and its transformations can give rise to problems of distribution: the higher is the spreading of the benefits, the greater will be the costs to be endured by the national collectivity. For these reasons, in favor of local populations that fall in the park area should be identified development forms compatible with the environment, or should be provided with a compensation measures in terms of payment for any missed revenues deriving from structural constraints that implies a protected area.