Typologies architecturales et morphologies urbaines adaptées au climat méditerranéen

The Mediterraneanization of the French climate has been observed, with the spreading of the Mediterranean area towards the North and the hinterland. In addition, worldwide climate change is drawing attention to summer heat and at the same time, another energy crisis is taking off. More than ever it seems important to find a passive architectural and urban language that can face the whims of climate without an external energy supply. In the meanwhile, suburban individual housing is still very much in demand. This study explores an alternative to individual housing : how to design grouped individual housing that is adapted to moderate Mediterranean climate in a passive way? The goal is to provide design guidelines for architects, landscape architects and urban planners. The research is based on three case studies. Within the idea to study the past to think the future, they're holiday villages in the South of France, built during the post-war boom period (1946-75): Village Grec, Gaou Bénat and Merlier. Research methods stem from the fields of architecture and engineering: a typo-morphological and environmental analysis followed by in situ measurements of the street, the courtyard, the adjoining interior spaces and the link between the three (the network of voids). In the first place, the measurements are interpreted according to Givoni's comfort diagram. On street level, the main heat management strategy is ventilation and wind accessibility. The streets are mostly comfortable (>50%), while the courtyards are very uncomfortable (50%), alors qu'au niveau de la maison, les cours ouvertes sont très inconfortables (