Intrinzično prevodni polimeri

Intrinzično prevodni polimeri (ICP-ji) so organski polimeri, katerih glavna veriga predstavlja konjugiran sistem enojnih in dvojnih kovalentnih vezi. Z dopiranjem ustvarimo v verigi nosilce naboja, tako imenovane solitone, polarone ali bipolarone, kar pomeni, da ICP-ji v dopiranem stanju prevajajo električni tok. Poleg visoke električne prevodnosti v dopiranem stanju, ICP-ji izkazujejo še dobre kapacitivne, optične in fizikalne lastnosti (npr. fleksibilnost). Za izboljšanje njihove stabilnosti, ki predstavlja glavno omejitev uporabe, se navadno pripravljajo nanokompozitni materiali ICP-jev. ICP-ji se uporabljajo v antikorozijskih premazih, senzorjih in zaščitah proti elektromagnetnem sevanju. Pomembno vlogo imajo tudi v medicini, napravah za shranjevanje energije in napredni tehnologiji. Intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) are organic polymers with a conjugated system of single and double covalent bonds in their backbone. Process of doping the polymer chain introduces charge carriers, so-called solitons, polarons and bipolarons. This makes ICPs in doped state electrically conductive. In addition to high electrical conductivity in the doped state, ICPs exhibit also good capacitive, optical, and physical (e.g. flexibility) properties. To improve their stability, which is the main limitation of their use, nanocomposite ICP materials are usually prepared. ICPs are used in anti-corrosion coatings, sensors and shielding against electromagnetic radiation. They also play an important role in medicine, energy storage devices and advanced technology.