Energijska učinkovitost enostanovanjskih bioklimatskih stavb glede na podnebne spremembe

V luči podnebnih sprememb, s katerimi se soočamo, so prizadevanja za poznavanje in obvladovanje njihovega vpliva na energijsko učinkovitost stavb vedno večja, medtem ko se moramo o vplivu globalnega segrevanja na grajeno okolje še veliko naučiti. Navkljub vse večjemu številu raziskav še vedno ni povsem jasno, kakšen je in bo vpliv globalnega segrevanja na bioklimatski potencial ter učinkovitost pasivnih načrtovalskih ukrepov pri enostanovanjskih stavbah. S pomočjo obširnega pregleda literature in simulacijskih študij smo v doktorski disertaciji odgovorili na nekaj neznank, ki se ob tem pojavljajo. Posebno pomemben del raziskave se nanaša na predstavljeno metodo izračuna bioklimatskega potenciala lokacije, pri čemer je bila veljavna metodologija nadgrajena z upoštevanjem podatka o sončnem sevanju. Izsledki raziskav so pomemben prispevek k znanosti, saj so pokazali na potrebo po idejnem preskoku v trenutni praksi bioklimatskega načrtovanja enostanovanjskih stavb. Podatki, pridobljeni s 15.897.600 parametričnimi simulacijami, ki so dostopni v doktorski disertaciji, pomenijo bistvene informacije za pravočasno prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je glede na skupno rabo energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje energijska učinkovitost enostanovanjskih stavb v prihodnosti odvisna od lokacije, in sicer je v splošnem pričakovati, da bo na toplih lokacijah nižja, na hladnih višja, na zmerno toplih pa bo najprej višja, nato nižja. Na podlagi podatkov je bil predlagan nov pristop k bioklimatskemu načrtovanju stavb, pri čemer s pasivnimi ukrepi zagotovimo energijsko učinkovitost v trenutnem in prihodnjem podnebnem stanju, hkrati pa obravnavamo ranljivost stavbe za pregrevanje v prihodnosti. In light of the current climate change, efforts to recognise and mitigate its impact on the energy performance of buildings are increasing. However, there is still a lot to learn about the impact of global warming on the built environment. Despite numerous research studies, the impacts of global warming on the bioclimatic potential and the applicability of passive design measures in the case of single-family buildings are not completely clear. The exposed knowledge gaps were filled in the doctoral dissertation by performing an extensive literature review and numerous simulations. An essential part of the research refers to the presented method of calculating the location’s bioclimatic potential, where the existing methodology was upgraded by considering the data on solar radiation. Moreover, the research results represent an essential contribution, as they showed the need for a conceptual leap in the current bioclimatic design practice of single-family buildings. The data obtained by 15,897,600 parametric simulations represent essential information for timely adaptation to climate change. It was found that, given the combined energy need for heating and cooling, the energy efficiency of single-family buildings in the future depends on the location. It can be generally expected that energy efficiency will be lower in warm climates, higher in cold and firstly higher and then lower in temperate climates. Based on the data, a new approach to bioclimatic building design was proposed, where passive design measures are applied to ensure energy efficiency in the current and future climate while the future overheating vulnerability is addressed.