Karl Jaspers: strpnost, medverski dialog in filozofska vera

Namen diplomskega dela je zgraditi izhodišče, na katerem bi lahko spregovorili o problemu verske izključujočnosti in o vprašanju o medverskem dialogu in strpnosti. Glavna opora za premišljevanje o teh vprašanjih je delo Karla Jaspersa z naslovom Filozofska vera, ki služi kot uvod v razpravo in ji daje tudi okvir. Diplomsko delo začenjam z vprašanjem o religiji in filozofiji ter o odnosu med njima. V drugem poglavju zaključujem, da je poglavitna in nepremostljiva razlika med filozofijo in religijo v sprejemanju razodetja in totalnosti doktrine ter dokazujem, da sta stališči filozofa in verujočega nezdružljivi. S tem ne želim trditi, da filozof ne more biti vernik ali obratno, temveč da lahko človek v najglobljem smislu pripada le enemu od obeh načinov osmišljanja in razumevanja bivajočega. Filozofija filozofa omejuje pri njegovi veri, vera verujočega pa določa njegovo filozofijo. V nadaljevanju izhajam iz temeljnega dejstva o obstoju različnih verovanj, ki so si v marsičem medsebojno izključujoča. Nato s pomočjo Jaspersovega razlikovanja med brezpogojnostjo in splošno veljavnostjo verskih prepričanj razglabljam o argumentih zoper zahtevo po izključnosti, ki jo je moč najti v skoraj vseh velikih religijah, ter o strpnosti in možnosti dialoga med verujočim in neverujočim oziroma drugače verujočim. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to establish a starting point on the basis of which we could talk about the problem of religious exclusion and the question of inter-religious dialogue and tolerance. The main basis for the reflection on these issues is the work of Karl Jaspers Philosophical Faith which serves as an introduction to the discussion and gives it a framework. I start my diploma thesis with the question of religion and philosophy and the relationship between them. In the second chapter, I conclude that the main and insurmountable difference between the philosophy and religion is the acceptance of the revelation and the totality of the doctrine, and I prove that the standpoints of the philosopher and the believer are incompatible. I do not want to argue that a philosopher cannot be a believer, or vice versa, but that in the deepest sense a human being can only belong to one of the two ways of understanding and giving sense to the world. The philosophy limits a philosopher in his faith, and the faith of the believer determines his philosophy. In the following, I start from the fundamental fact about the existence of different beliefs that are in many ways mutually exclusive. By using Jaspers' distinction between the unconditional and general validity of religious beliefs, I then discuss the arguments against the demand for exclusivity, found in almost all major religions, and the tolerance and the possibility of dialogue between a believer and non-believer or different believer.