Techno-economic analysis of the installation of energy-efficient distribution transformers

Diplomski rad opisuje ulogu energetskih transformatora u elektroenergetskom sustavu, objašnjen je princip rada i opisani su konstrukcijski dijelovi. Prikazani su parametri transformatora u ovisnosti o naponskoj razini i napravljena je usporedba konvencionalnih i energetski učinkovitih transformatora u pogledu dimenzija i gubitaka. Zbog sve veće cijene energije i utjecaja na okoliš Europska unija donosi mjere kojima se žele smanjiti gubici energetskih transformatora. Cilj rada je prikazati kakav će biti utjecaj na distributivnu mrežu u pogledu smanjenja gubitaka nakon ugradnje energetski učinkovitih transformatora i isplati li se njihova investicija. U praktičnom dijelu rada korištenjem programskog paketa DigSILENT Power Factory izrađena je distributivna mreža u kojoj je 5 konvencionalnih transformatora naponske razine 20/0,4 kV zamijenjeno energetski učinkovitim. Provođenjem simulacije ukupni gubici u mreži se smanjuju za 16,02 kW (2,43 %). Investicija u energetski učinkovite transformatore je opravdana, a procijenjena je na temelju troška posjedovanja TCO transformatora. Ukupna novčana ušteda koja bi se ostvarila u mreži nakon 40 godina iznosi 2.222.098,31 kn. The thesis describes the role of transformers in the power system, the principle of operation is explained and the structural parts are described. The parameters of the transformer are shown depending on the voltage level and a comparison of conventional and energy – efficient transformers in terms of dimensions and losses is made. Due to the ever – increasing price of energy and the impact on the environment, the European Union is adopting measures aimed at reducing the losses of distribution transformers. The aim of the paper is to show the impact on the distribution network in terms of loss reduction after the installation of energy – efficient transformers and whether their investment is justified. In the practical part of the paper, using the DigSILENT Power Factory software, a distribution network was created in which 5 conventional transformers of voltage level 20/0,4 kV were replaced with energy – efficient ones. By running the simulation, the total losses in the network are reduced by 16,02 kW (2,43 %). The investment in energy – efficient transformers is justified, and was evaluated based on the total cost of ownership TCO. The total financial savings that would be realized in the network after 40 years amounts to 2.222.098,31 kn.