Morphological and economic differences of virus and virus-free genotypes of indigenous grape varieties

Vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo na području Hrvatske ima dugu tradiciju uzgoja. U prošlosti je postojao velik broj autohtonih sorata, međutim pojavom bolesti koje su opustošile vinograde, došlo je do gubljenja pojedinih sorata. Veliki dio sorata danas je ipak očuvan, a zadnjih godina dolazi do njihove revitalizacije i povećanja proizvodnje sadnog materijala autohtonih sorata. Veliki problem danas predstavlja nekvalitetan sadni materijal zaražen virusima i ostalim biljnim patogenima. Razlog tomu je najniža kvaliteta sadnog materijala autohtonih sorata, bez provedene zdravstvene selekcije. Ranijim istraživanjima potvrđeno je da prisutnost virusa utječe na gospodarske karakteristike: smanjenje prinosa, smanjenje sadržaja šećera, slabiju obojenost i veću količinu kiselina u odnosu na zdrave trsove. Postoji više virusa, a naše istraživanje se bavi uvijenosti lista vinove loze pridruženom virusu 3 (Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, GLRaV-3), koji je najviše zastupljen na području Dalmacije. Pokusni nasad Baštica je nastao nakon pozitivne masovne selekcije sorata Plavac mali, Plavina, Pošip, Grk, Maraština, Vugava i Debit. U nasadu su posađeni vegetativni potomci trsova koji nisu bili zaraženi s virusom. U međuvremenu je na određenom broju trsova došlo je do zaraze, što je potvrđeno nedavnim ponovnim testiranjem pomoću serološke metode (Elisa test). Ovim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni su zaraženi i zdravi trsovi kako bi se pratilo postoji li među njima razlika u morfološkim i gospodarskim svojstvima tijekom vegetacije. Istraživane sorte bile su: Plavina, Plavac mali, Maraština, Pošip i Vugava. U istraživanju se vizualno promatranje i označavanje vršilo po BBCH skali tijekom cijele vegetacije, mjerena kvaliteta prinosa (sadržaj šećera u moštu, količina ukupnih kiselina), uvometrija i mehanička sastav grozda. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako jedino kod zaraženih trsova sorte Maraština uočavamo negativne posljedice zaraženosti trsova s virusima u morfološkim i gospodarskim značajnim svojstvima, dok kod ostalih sorata u istraživanju nisu pronađene značajnije razlike. In Croatia, viticulture and viniculture have a long tradition. In the past, there was a large number of autochthonous varieties, but the occurrence of diseases devastating the vineyards resulted in the loss of some varieties. A great deal of the varieties is still preserved today, and in recent years their revitalization and an increase of the production of autochthonous seedlings is under way. A big problem today is the lower quality planting material infected with viruses and other plant pathogens. The reason for this is the lowest quality of autochthonous seedlings, without a conducted sanitary selection. Earlier studies have confirmed that the presence of viruses affects the economic characteristics: reducing yields, reducing sugar content, weaker coloration and higher acidity in comparison to healthy vines. There are several viruses, and our research deals with curvature of leafs, associated with virus 3 (Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, GLRaV-3), most commonly found in Dalmatia. The experimental plantation Baštica was created after a positive mass selection of the Plavac mali, Plavina, Pošip, Grk, Maraština, Vugava and Debit varieties. Vegetative seedlings of plants that were not infected with the virus were planted in the plantation. Meanwhile, a certain number of plants have had an infection, as confirmed by a recent retest using a serological method (ELISA test). This research included infected and healthy vines to determine whether there is a difference in morphological and economic characteristics between them during vegetation. The investigated varieties were: Plavina, Plavac mali, Maraština, Pošip and Vugava. In the study, visual inspection and marking was performed according to the BBCH scale over the whole vegetation, as well as the measuring of yield quality (sugar content in the must, the total amount of acids), the uvometry and the mechanical composition of the grape. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that only in the case of infected vines of the variety Maraština the negative consequences of infection of viruses are noticed in morphological and economic significant properties, while in the case of other varieties in the study no significant differences were found.