Analysis of rabbit mitogenome in the Republic of Croatia

U Republici Hrvatskoj genetička varijabilnost divljeg kunića (Oryctolagus cuniculus) do sada je analizirana samo putem kontrolne regije mitogenoma na recentnim jedinkama. U ovom radu prikazuje se po prvi puta odrađena analiza cijelih mitogenoma divljeg kunića. Set modernih i povijesnih cijelih mitogenoma sastoji se od 44 fasta sekvenci, dok se kod analize kontrolne regije postojeći set proširio na 123 fasta sekvenci. Koristeći bioinformatičke alate kao što su (MEGA 7.0, PopArt i DNAsp) pristupilo se analizi navedenih setova. Izračunate p-distance između grupa mitogenoma i njegove kontrolne regije ukazuju na vrlo malu nukleotidnu razliku, osim grupe jedinki iz područja južne Španjolske, što je u kasnijoj analizi pokazalo jasno odvajanje A i B mitohondrijske linije, gdje su se jedinke iz područja Hrvatske jasno svrstale u B liniju. Ukupno 44 korištene jedinke pružile su 15 haplotipova, dok su 123 jedinke pružile 11 haplotipova. Uspješno su se konstruirala filogenetska stabla i mreže (Maximum Likelihood Tree, Neigbor Joining Tree i Median Joining Network) kojima se prikazalo značajnost i informativnost mitogenoma u odnosu na druga znanstvena istraživanja na tom području. In the Republic of Croatia, genetic variability of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been previously analyzed only on the basis of the control region of mitogenomes in recent individuals. In this work, for the first time, an analysis of whole mitogenomes of wild rabbits is presented. The set of modern and historical mitogenomes consists of 44 fasta sequences, while in the analysis of the control region, the existing set was expanded to 123 fasta sequences. Bioinformatics tools such as (MEGA 7.0, PopArt and DNAsp) were used to approach the analysis of the above sets. The calculated p-differences between the mitogenome group and their control region indicate a very small nucleotide difference, with the exception of the group of individuals from southern Spain, which showed a clear separation of A and B mitochondrial lineages in a later analysis, with individuals from Croatia clearly assigned to the B lineage. In total, 44 individuals yielded 15 haplotypes, whereas 123 individuals yielded 11 haplotypes. Phylogenetic trees and networks (Maximum Likelihood Tree, Neigbor Joining Tree and Median Joining Network) were successfully constructed to demonstrate the importance and significance of mitogenomes in relation to other scientific research in the field.