WINTERING OF COMMON CARP IN FISHPONDS

U ribnjačarskoj proizvodnji izrazito je važno zimovanje. Zimuju sve kategorije šarana, ali različito nasađujemo mlađ od konzumne ribe koja će se plasirati na tržište te su nam ti zimovnici ujedno i skladišta našeg gotovog proizvoda. Ovaj rad detaljno opisuje tehnologiju zimovanja šarana u ribnjacima koja je dosta složena. Da bi riba dobro podnijela zimovanje te da ne bi bilo većih gubitaka važno je tijekom cijele godine imati dobru tehnologiju uzgoja. Time će naš šaran biti u dobroj tjelesnoj kondiciji, dovoljno uhranjen i imati zalihe masti, a na zimovanje ne bi trebali stavljati mlađ manju od 25 g. Voda kojom se napajaju ribnjaci treba biti kvalitetna bez otpadnih voda i mogućnosti ulaska divlje ribe koja može prenositi bolesti i nametnike. Stoga nam je vrlo bitan hidrokemijski režim. U toku zime površina vode se zamrzava i na njoj se stvara snježni pokrivač. Tada dolazi do pomanjkanja kisika i nastanka štetnih plinova pa se moraju otvarati rupe u ledu, čistiti snijeg te omogućiti protok vode. Tijekom zime cjelokupni metabolizam ribe se uspori na najmanju razinu te se time i troši vrlo malo energije. To je nepovoljno razdoblje i za razvoj bolest, ali zdravstveno stanje sa zatopljenjem se može naglo pogoršati i doći do velikih gubitaka. Riba koja je zdrava i dobro uhranjena, iako je izmorena i oslabljena u proljeće se brzo oporavlja i nastavlja sa rastom.
Wintering is extremely important fish production. All categories of common carp went through wintering, but technological process is different for fry and fish for sale. This paper describes the complex technology of wintering the carp in fishponds. For successful wintering it is important to have an excellent technology of fish production whole year. That will assure that the carp is in good physical condition, have sufficiently body fat percentage a minimal body mass of 25 g. The water that recharges ponds should be in good condition, without mixing the waste water and eliminating the possibility of entry of the wild fish, which can carry diseases and parasites. Therefore, hydrochemical regime is very important. During the winter, the surface water is frozen solid and snow creates a blanket on top of the ice. During winter it is common for carp to experience a lack of oxygen and the accumulation of harmful gases. So it is important to open holes in the ice, shovel snow and assure the flow of fresh water. During the winter, the entire fish metabolism slows down to the lowest level possible and thus consumes very little energy. It is an unfavorable period for the development of the diseases, but with warming of the water in spring health condition in fishpond can rapidly deteriorate and large losses of fish can occur. The fish that is healthy and well-fed, although exhausted and weakened during the wintering, in the spring recovers quickly and continues to grow.