Volatile compounds of Salvia sclarea L. : bachelor thesis

Muškatna kadulja (Salvia sclarea L.) je biljka iz porodice usnača (Lamiaceae) koja prirodno raste oko Mediteranskog mora, na području južne Europe i sjeverne Afrike, i u srednjoj Aziji. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti profil hlapljivih spojeva muškatne kadulje, i to odvojeno cvjetova, a odvojeno cijele biljke, odnosno odrediti sastav i sadržaj ovih spojeva. Radi što potpunijeg uvida u sastav i sadržaj hlapljivih spojeva za njihovu izolaciju su korištene dvije metode: hidrodestilacija i ekstrakcija vršnih para na čvrstoj fazi. Analiza uzoraka provedena je vezanim sustavom plinska kromatografija-spektrometrija masa (GC/MS). Terpenski spojevi su kvalitativno i kvantitativno najvažniji sastojci eteričnih ulja i vršnih para izoliranih iz cvjetova i biljke muškatne kadulje. Glavni spojevi u oba eterična ulja, izolirana iz biljke i iz cvjetova, su oksidirani monoterpeni linalil-acetat (27,4-30,6%) i linalol (18,2-19,1%). Glavni spojevi vršnih para su linalil-acetat (54,9%) i seskviterpen germakren D (19,7%) u uzorku izoliranom iz cijele biljke, odnosno linalil-acetat (76,6%) i linalol (6,1%) u uzorku izoliranom iz cvjetova. Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) is a plant from Lamiaceae family that naturally grows around the Mediterranean Sea, in southern Europe and northern Africa and in central Asia. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile of clary sage volatile compounds, from flowers and whole plant separately, and determine the composition and content of these compounds. For more complete insight into the composition and content of volatile compounds two isolation methods were used: hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Analysis of volatile samples was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Terpenes are qualitatively and quantitatively the most important ingredients of essential oils and headspaces obtained from clary sage flowers and whole plant. The major constituents of both essential oils, obtained from whole plant and from flowers, were oxygenated monoterpenes linalyl acetate (27,4-30,6%) and linalool (18,2-19,1%). The major constituents of headspaces were linalyl acetate (54,9%) and sesquiterpene germacrene D (19,7%) in sample obtained from whole plant, and linalyl acetate (76,6%) and linalool (6,1%) in sample obtained from flowers.