Mikrobiološka svojstva zemljišta vinogradarskog rejona Vranje

Savremena poljoprivredna proizvodnja podrazumeva neracionalnu upotrebu velikih količina pesticida, što narušava kvalitet i plodnost poljoprivrednih zemljišta. Visoke koncentracije teških metala u zemljištu predstavljaju veliki rizik po agroekosisteme i živi svet, a najčešći uzrok zagađenja je antropogeni uticaj i neadekvatna primena hemijskih sredstava. Usled dugotrajne i intenzivne primene fungicida na bazi bakra, zemljišta pod vinogradima posebno su ugrožena od zagađenja ovim metalom. Primena fungicida na bazi bakra, često je povezana sa smanjenom aktivnošću mikroorganizama i promenama u strukturi mikrobnih zajednica. U cilju globalne procene stanja zemljišta pod vinogradima ispitane su fizičke, hemijske i mikrobiološke osobine zemljišta i u vinogradarskom rejonu Vranje. Brojnost mikroorganizama i dehidrogenazna aktivnost u uzorcima sa kontrolnih parcela ukazuju da način iskorišćenja parcele nije uticao na mikrobiološke parametre zemljišta. Raznovrsnost, brojnost i aktivnost mikroorganizama zavisili su prvenstveno od pH reakcije i fizičko-hemijskih osobina zemljišta. Modern agricultural production implies irrational use of large amounts of pesticides, which impairs the quality and fertility of agricultural soil. High concentrations of heavy metals in the soil pose a great risk to agroecosystems and wildlife, and the most common cause of pollution is anthropogenic impact and inadequate use of chemicals. Due to long-term and intensive application of copper-based fungicides, soils under vineyards is particularly vulnerable to pollution by this metal. The use of copper-based fungicides is often associated with reduced activity of microorganisms and changes in the structure of microbial communities. In order to globally assess the condition of the soil under vineyards physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil in the wine-growing region of Vranje were examined. The abundance of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity in the control plots indicate that the method of plot utilization did not affect the microbiological parameters of the soil. The diversity, abundance and activity of microorganisms depended primarily on the pH reaction and physical and chemical properties of the soil.