Mısırda verim ve kaliteye etkili başlıca karekterler ve bunların kalıtımı üzerine araştırmalar

ÖZET DOKTORA. TEZÎ MISIRDA VERÎM VE KALÎTEYE ETKÎLÎ BAŞLICA KAREKTERLER VE BUNLARIN KALITIMI ÜZERİNE ARAŞTIRMALAR îsmet BAŞER Araştırma Görevlisi Trakya Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Ana bilim Dalı Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı Danışman : Prof. Dr. Temel GENÇTAN 1993, Sayfa: 134 Jüri: Prof.Dr. Temel GENÇTAN Prof.Dr. Prof.Dr. 1990-1991 yıllan arasında Trakya Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü ve Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünün uygulama alanında yapılan bu araştırma ile 23 melez atdişi mısır çeşidinde verim ve kaliteye etkili başlıca karakterlerde değişimler ve bu karakterler üzerine çevresel faktörler ile çeşitlerin genoüplerinin etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada değişik tohumculuk kuruluşundan elde edilen tek, çift ve üçlü melez mısır çeşitleri kullanılmıştır.II incelenen çeşitlerde dekara tane verimi, 1990 yılında 503.9-1175 kg/da, 1991 yılında ise 314.3-1267.8 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. 1990 yılında en yüksek tane verimi P-3184 çeşidinde (Tekirdağ) ve Px-79 çeşidinde (Edirne) elde edilmiştir. 1991 Yılında ise Edirne yöresinde P- 3165 çeşit en yüksek tane verimi verirken, Tekirdağ yöresinde P-3183 çeşidi en yüksek tane verimi vermiştir. Yukarıdaki anlatımlardan anlaşıldığı gibi çeşitlerin tane verimi üzerine yıl ve yörelerde değişen Çevresel faktörlerin etkisi önemli olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmamızda yer alan mısır çeşitlerinde, bitki tane verimi 55.0- 246.8 g. arasında değişmiştir. En fazla bitki verimi Px-79 çeşidinde, en düşük ise G-188 çeşidinde tartılmıştır. Denemeye alınan çeşitlerde tepe püskülü çıkış süresi 61-93.7 gün arasında değişmiştir. En uzun tepe püskülü çıkartma süresi P-3165 çeşidinde, en kısa ise G-188 çeşidinde bulunmuştur. incelenen çeşitlerde Koçan püskülü çıkartma süresi 64-98.7 gün arasında değişmiştir. En uzun koçan püskülü çıkartma süresi P-3165 çeşidinde, en kısa ise G-188 çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Araştırmamızda kullandığımız çeşitlerde sap uzunluğu 127.8-178.9 cm arasında ölçülmüştür. En fazla sap uzunluğu P-3165 çeşidinde, en az ise G-188 çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. Denemeye alınan 23 melez atdişi mısır çeşidinde yaprak sayısı 9.4- 16.0 adet, ilk koçanın altındaki yaprağın uzunluğu 47-86.1 cm, ilk koçanın altındaki yaprağın genişliği ise 6.1-11.9 cm arasında değişmiştir. En fazla yaprak sayısı, yaprak uzunluğu ve en fazla yaprak genişliği sırasıyla: TÜM-82/3, P-3183 ve P-3165 çeşitlerinde ölçülmüştür. Ele alınan bu üç özellik bakımından G-188 çeşidi son sırada yer almıştır.VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188.VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188. VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188.VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188.VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188.VI Grain yields per decar of varieties under study ranged from 503.9 kg to 1175 kg in 1990 and from 314.3 kg to 1267.8 kg in 1991. In 1990 the highest grain yields for Tekirdağ location and Edirne location were obtained from the varieties of P-3184 and G.4730 respectively. Although in 1991, P-3165 variety yielded the highest grain in Tekirdağ location the grain yield of P-3183 variety was the highest in Edirne location. From the result given above, it is concluded that influences of environmental factors which varied with relation to year and location were found to be significant. Grain yield per plant of maize varieties ranged from 55.0 g to 246.8 g. The highest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of Px-79 while the lowest grain yield per plant was obtained from variety of G-188. Days to tasseling of maize varieties varied from 61 days to 93.7 days. Periods of tasseling were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G- 188. Days to silking of maize varieties varied from 64.0 days to 98.7 days. Period of silking were the longest in variety of P-3165 and the shortest in variety of G-188. Stem lengths of varieties varied were changed from 127.8 cm to 178.9 cm. The longest stem was observed in variety of P-3165 while the shortest stem was in variety of G-188. Number of leaves in 23 maize varieties ranged from 9.4 number to 16.0 number and lengths of the leaf below the first ear was varied from 47 cm to 86. 1 cm and width of that leaf was varied from 6.1 cm to 11.9 cm. The highest number of leaves the longest and widest leaves were obtained from varieties TÜM-82/3 and P- 3165 respectively. Height of the first ear on stalk from soil surface of varieties varied from 32.2 cm to 99.1 cm and the highest one was measured in variety P- 3165 while the lowest one was measured in variety G-188. 134