CD14+ follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles may play a role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease

Proliferated IgG4(+) plasma cells are polyclonal, suggesting that the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involves upstream events related to the regulation of IgG4 expansion. We hypothesized that lymphoid follicle formation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Using various antibodies, especially against monocyte, macrophage, and follicular dendritic cell markers, we immunohistochemically assessed the distribution of immune cells in lymphoid follicles. Pathological findings of tissue samples from patients with IgG4-RD (n = 22), reactive hyperplasia (n = 3), multicentric Castleman's disease (n = 3), and Sjögren's syndrome (n = 13) were analyzed. CD14-positive lymphoid follicles were observed only in patients with IgG4-RD, and CD14-positive cells were identified as follicular dendritic cells by multicolor immunohistochemistry. There were few differences in the distributions of other cell types between the IgG4-RD and control groups. The presence of CD14(+) follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles may play a pathophysiological role in IgG4-RD.