[Bone vascularization. Anatomic and physiological considerations, surgical deductions concerning osteosynthesis procedures and vascularized bone graft]

The authors report some general considerations concerning the bony anatomy and the bone blood flow. They describe the vascularization of the long bones involving arteries, veins, capillaries and lymphatic vessels. The double systemic and local control of the bone blood flow is evaluated. The local factors are numerous: autoregulation, nervous regulation as well as humoral, metabolic and cellular factors. Some surgical deductions are then discussed concerning osteosynthesis procedures and biomechanical properties of vascularized bone grafts.